Kutanga kushandiswa kweultrasound mubiochemistry kunofanirwa kunge kuri kupwanya madziro esero neultrasound kuburitsa zvirimo.Zvidzidzo zvakatevera zvakaratidza kuti yakaderera-yakanyanya ultrasound inogona kusimudzira iyo biochemical reaction process.Semuenzaniso, ultrasonic irradiation yemvura inovaka muviri base inogona kuwedzera chiyero chekukura kwealgal cell, nokudaro kuwedzera huwandu hweprotein inogadzirwa nemasero aya katatu.

Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwesimba re cavitation bubble collapse, iyo simba density ye ultrasonic sound field yakawedzera nemabhiriyoni enguva, zvichikonzera kuwanda kukuru kwesimba;Sonochemical phenomena uye sonoluminescence inokonzerwa nekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa kunogadzirwa ne cavitation bubbles imhando dzakasiyana dzesimba uye shanduko yezvinhu musonochemistry.Nokudaro, ultrasound inotora basa rinowedzera kukosha mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari, kugadzirwa kwebiodiesel, organic synthesis, microbial treatment, kuparara kwechepfu organic pollutants, makemikari reaction speed uye goho, catalytic performance ye catalyst, biodegradation treatment, ultrasonic scale kudzivirira uye kubvisa, biological cell crushing. , kupararira uye agglomeration, uye sonochemical reaction.

1. ultrasonic enhanced chemical reaction.

Ultrasound yakawedzera makemikari reaction.Iyo huru yekufambisa simba ndeye ultrasonic cavitation.Kudonha kwecavitating bubble core kunogadzira tembiricha yakakwira yemuno, kudzvanywa kwakanyanya uye simba rakasimba uye microjet, iyo inopa hutsva uye hwakakosha kwazvo hwemuviri uye kemikari nharaunda yemakemikari maitiro anonetsa kana asingagone kuitika pasi pemamiriro akajairwa.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic reaction.

Sendima nyowani yekutsvagisa, ultrasonic catalytic reaction yakwezva kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kufarira.Mhedzisiro mikuru ye ultrasound pane catalytic reaction ndeiyi:

(1) Kupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya kunokonzeresa kutsemuka kwemareactants kuita mahara radicals uye divalent kabhoni, ichigadzira mamwe anoshanda maitiro emhando;

(2) Shock wave uye micro jet ine desorption uye yekuchenesa mhedzisiro pane yakasimba pamusoro (senge catalyst), inogona kubvisa pamusoro pekuita zvigadzirwa kana zvepakati uye catalyst pamusoro passivation layer;

(3) Shock wave inogona kuparadza reactant chimiro

(4) Yakapararira reactant system;

(5) Ultrasonic cavitation inoparadza simbi yepamusoro, uye kushamiswa kwemhepo kunotungamirira kune deformation yesimbi lattice uye kuumbwa kwemukati wemukati, iyo inovandudza kemikari yekuita basa resimbi;

6) Kurudzira iyo solvent kuti ipinde mukati meiyo yakasimba kuburitsa iyo inonzi inclusion reaction;

(7) Kuvandudza kupararira kwechigadziriso, ultrasonic inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirira kwekugadzirisa.Ultrasonic irradiation inogona kuwedzera nzvimbo ye catalyst, ita kuti zvikamu zvinoshanda zvinopararira zvakanyanya uye kuwedzera basa rinoita.

3. Ultrasonic polymer chemistry

Iko kushandiswa kwe ultrasonic positive polymer chemistry kwakwezva kutarisisa kwakanyanya.Ultrasonic kurapwa inogona kukanganisa macromolecules, kunyanya yakakwira molecular weight polymers.Cellulose, gelatin, rubber uye mapuroteni anogona kuderedzwa ne ultrasonic kurapwa.Parizvino, inowanzotendwa kuti iyo ultrasonic degradation mechanism inokonzerwa nekuita kwesimba uye kudzvinyirira kwepamusoro apo cavitation bubble inoputika, uye chimwe chikamu chekuora chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kwekuita kwekupisa.Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, simba ultrasound rinogona zvakare kutanga polymerization.Yakasimba ultrasound irradiation inogona kutanga iyo copolymerization yepolyvinyl doro uye acrylonitrile kugadzirira block copolymers, uye iyo copolymerization ye polyvinyl acetate uye polyethylene oxide kuti igadzire graft copolymers.

4. New chemical reaction technology inowedzerwa ne ultrasonic field

Iko kusanganiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji tekinoroji uye ultrasonic munda kukwidziridzwa ndeimwe inogona kusimudzira kutungamira mumunda we ultrasonic chemistry.Semuenzaniso, iyo supercritical fluid inoshandiswa seyepakati, uye iyo ultrasonic munda inoshandiswa kusimbisa iyo catalytic reaction.Semuenzaniso, supercritical fluid ine density yakafanana nemvura uye viscosity uye diffusion coefficient yakafanana negasi, izvo zvinoita kuti kunyungudika kwaro kuenzane nemvura uye huwandu hwayo hwekufambisa hunoenderana negasi.Iyo deactivation ye heterogeneous catalyst inogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa iyo yakanaka solubility uye diffusion zvimiro zve supercritical fluid, asi pasina mubvunzo icing pakike kana ultrasonic munda inogona kushandiswa kuisimbisa.Iyo yekuvhundutsa wave uye micro jet inogadzirwa ne ultrasonic cavitation haingogone kuwedzera zvakanyanya iyo supercritical fluid kunyungudutsa zvimwe zvinhu zvinotungamira mukukonzeresa deactivation, kuita basa rekubvisa uye kuchenesa, uye chengetedza iyo catalyst inoshanda kwenguva yakareba, asi zvakare tamba iyo basa rekukurudzira, iro rinogona kuparadzira maitiro ekuita, uye kuita kuwanda kwekutamisa mwero we supercritical fluid chemical reaction kusvika padanho repamusoro.Uye zvakare, iyo tembiricha yepamusoro uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa panzvimbo yemuno yakaumbwa ne ultrasonic cavitation ichave yakanakira kuputika kweanopokana mumahara radicals uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kuita chiyero.Parizvino, kune zvidzidzo zvakawanda pamusoro pemakemikari anoita ye supercritical fluid, asi zvishoma zvidzidzo pamusoro pekusimudzirwa kwekuita kwakadaro ne ultrasonic munda.

5. kushandiswa kwepamusoro-simba ultrasonic mukugadzirwa kwebiodiesel

Chinokosha chekugadzirwa kwebiodiesel ndiyo catalytic transesterification ye fatty acid glyceride ine methanol uye mamwe madhaka-carbon alcohols.Ultrasound inogona pachena kusimbisa iyo transesterification reaction, kunyanya kune heterogeneous reaction system, inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kusanganisa (emulsification) mhedzisiro uye kukurudzira iyo indirect molecular contact reaction, kuitira kuti maitiro ekutanga anofanirwa kuitwa pasi pekushisa kwakanyanya (high pressure) mamiriro inogona kupedzwa pakamuri tembiricha (kana padyo nekamuri tembiricha), Uye kupfupisa nguva yekuita.Ultrasonic wave haingoshandiswi chete mukuita transesterification, asiwo mukuparadzaniswa kwekuita musanganiswa.Vatsvagiri kubva kuMississippi State University muUnited States vakashandisa ultrasonic process mukugadzira biodiesel.Goho rebiodiesel rakapfuura 99% mukati memaminetsi mashanu, nepo yakajairwa batch reactor system yakatora nguva inodarika 1 awa.